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Contents

Notes on Contributors ix Foreword xiii Acknowledgements xvii Introduction 1 1 Setting the scene 4 Anne Claveirole 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Social context 5 1.3 Children and young people's mental health 13 1.4 'Every Child Matters': What can we do to help? 20 1.5 Conclusion 27 2 The family 29 Duncan Tennant and Anne Claveirole 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 What is 'normal' family functioning? 30 2.3 The family life cycle 33 2.4 Family structure 37 2.5 Recent developments: narrative approaches to family therapy 39 2.6 Attachment and family therapy 41 2.7 Parenting support and education 42 2.8 Conclusion 44 3 Psychosocial development 46 Geraldine Jones 3.1 Introduction 46 3.2 Theories of development 47 3.3 Infant attachment 47 3.4 Adolescent identity formation 51 3.5 Adolescent self-esteem 54 3.6 Adolescent reasoning ability 55 3.7 Adolescent egocentrism 56 3.8 The psychological impact of puberty 57 3.9 Adolescent brain development 58 3.10 The value of contextual theories in explaining development of children and adolescents 59 3.11 The PVEST model 60 3.12 Conclusion 63 4 Self-harm 64 Martin Gaughan 4.1 Introduction 64 4.2 What is self-harm? 65 4.3 How common is self-harm? 66 4.4 Vulnerability and resilience 68 4.5 Promoting resilience 69 4.6 Models of self-harm 71 4.7 Assessment 74 4.8 Intervention 76 4.9 Informal support 77 4.10 Promoting positive behaviour 77 4.11 Self-help 78 4.12 Making access easier 79 4.13 Talking therapies 80 4.14 The personal impact of working alongside children and young people who self-harm 83 4.15 Conclusion 84 5 Depression 87 Martin Gaughan 5.1 Introduction 87 5.2 Defining depression 88 5.3 Prevalence 90 5.4 Vulnerability 91 5.5 Assessment 93 5.6 Symptoms of depression in children and young people 95 5.7 Protective factors and promoting resilience 98 5.8 Interventions 99 5.9 Cognitive-behaviour therapy 99 5.10 Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents 100 5.11 Medication 101 5.12 Psychodynamics 103 5.13 What else helps? 104 5.14 The family 105 5.15 Conclusion 105 6 Suicide 108 Martin Gaughan 6.1 Introduction 108 6.2 What is suicide? 109 6.3 How common is suicide? 109 6.4 Vulnerability 111 6.5 Resilience 115 6.6 Risk assessment 117 6.7 Models of assessment and intervention 118 6.8 Applied suicide and intervention skills training 120 6.9 Skills-based training on risk management 121 6.10 Intervention 122 6.11 Prevention 125 6.12 Postvention 127 6.13 Conclusion 128 7 Child abuse and child protection 132 Julie Hendry and Marlene Macinnes 7.1 Introduction 132 7.2 Definitions of child abuse 133 7.3 Incidence and prevalence 136 7.4 Risk factors 137 7.5 Policy 139 7.6 Assessment 139 7.7 Prevention 144 7.8 Interventions 145 7.9 Conclusion 147 8 Eating disorders 149 Gavin Cullen 8.1 Introduction 149 8.2 What are eating disorders? 150 8.3 How common are eating disorders? 153 8.4 What causes eating disorders? 154 8.5 Resilience factors 158 8.6 Assessment 159 8.7 Interventions 161 8.8 Psychological support 161 8.9 Conclusion 163 9 Early onset psychosis 165 Martin Gaughan 9.1 Introduction 165 9.2 Time to change? 166 9.3 Prevalence 167 9.4 Vulnerability to psychosis 168 9.5 Early and very early onset psychosis 171 9.6 Phases of psychosis 172 9.7 Prevention and early intervention 173 9.8 Assessment 174 9.9 Interventions 177 9.10 Drug treatment 178 9.11 Effectiveness of medication 179 9.12 Side effects 180 9.13 Talking therapies 182 9.14 Promoting resilience, staying well and recovery 184 9.15 Involving the family 186 9.16 Conclusion 188 10 ADHD 191 Lorna Jones and Anne Claveirole 10.1 Introduction 191 10.2 What is ADHD? 192 10.3 The experience of ADHD 192 10.4 ADHD as a diagnostic category 194 10.5 Prevalence 195 10.6 Risk factors 196 10.7 Resilience: factors affecting outcome 200 10.8 Assessment 201 10.9 Interventions 205 10.10 Conclusion 213 11 Autistic spectrum disorders 217 Gillian Marshall-McConnell and Anne Claveirole 11.1 Introduction 217 11.2 Definition and classification 218 11.3 Prevalence 222 11.4 Risk factors/causation theories 223 11.5 Associated problems 226 11.6 Development 230 11.7 Assessment and diagnosis 233 11.8 Management of care 234 11.9 Conclusion 238 12 Misuse of substances 239 Liz Brodie and Jayne Reed 12.1 Introduction 239 12.2 Substance use and substance misuse 240 12.3 Prevalence 241 12.4 Patterns of use and misuse in children and young people 242 12.5 Vulnerability and resilience 244 12.6 Environmental and family factors 245 12.7 Early intervention and recognition 246 12.8 Assessment 246 12.9 Intervention 249 12.10 Conclusion 254 References 256 Index 305

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